What explains the twinkling of stars?

Question

What explains the twinkling of stars? — Exam MCQ

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A. Changing refractive indices of atmospheric layers change the apparent position of the star over time — Turbulent atmospheric layers refract starlight variably, causing changes in apparent brightness and position.

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B. The emitted intensity of the stars changes over time

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C. Starlight is scattered by atmospheric dust and air molecules

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D. The stars' distances from Earth change over time

What explains the twinkling of stars?

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