During sunrise or sunset, why does the Sun’s disc appear flattened when observed from Earth?

Question

During sunrise or sunset, why does the Sun’s disc appear flattened when observed from Earth? — Exam MCQ

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B. Due to atmospheric refraction bending light unevenly across the Sun’s disc — The correct choice is Due to atmospheric refraction bending light unevenly across the Sun’s disc. It follows from the laws of reflection/refraction and the standard image-formation properties of lenses, mirrors or optical systems.

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A. Because of scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere

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C. Due to gravitational lensing by Earth

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D. Because of absorption of sunlight by air

During sunrise or sunset, why does the Sun’s disc appear flattened when observed from Earth?

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