The reaction in which a single reactant splits into two or more simpler products is called:

A decomposition reaction involves a single compound breaking down into two or more simpler products. This type of reaction is generally endothermic, requiring energy in the form of heat, light, or electricity. For example, water (H2O) decomposes into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) when electricity is applied. Decomposition reactions are vital in industrial processes and the natural breakdown of organic materials.